
A new study authored by Amanda Reid and Evan Ringel examines how “transparency reports” have become an institutionalized practice among digital intermediaries. This work frames platforms’ transparency reports as corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures, and it argues they represent an emerging institutional practice shaped by isomorphic pressures (organizations becoming more similar by mimicking each other). Moreover, the article notes that while CSR research exists in other sectors, there’s a gap in studying CSR in the tech sector. This research makes two main theoretical contributions. First, the empirical evidence shows how this practice has spread across companies and across jurisdictions around the world. And second, it offers a two-fold explanation for why different companies do this: (1) Big Tech companies use them as legitimacy-seeking strategic communications, and (2) SMEs (small and midsize enterprises) copy Big Tech’s practices through “mimetic isomorphism.”
Amanda Reid & Evan Ringel, Digital Intermediaries & Transparency Reports as Strategic Communications, 41 The Information Society 91-109 (2025) doi: 10.1080/01972243.2025.2453529.
See also Amanda Reid, Evan Ringel & Shanetta M. Pendleton, Transparency Reports as CSR Reports: Motives, Stakeholders, and Strategies, 20 Social Responsibility Journal 81-107 (2024), doi: 10.1108/SRJ-03-2023-0134; Amanda Reid, Shanetta M. Pendleton & Lightning E.H. JM Czabovsky, Big Tech Transparency Reports & CSR: Longitudinal Content Analysis of News Coverage, 13 The Journal of Social Media in Society 122-154 (2024), https://www.thejsms.org/index.php/JSMS/article/view/1447/693




Evan Ringel, a 2021 MA/JD graduate and current Roy H. Park Doctoral Fellow, was awarded First Place, Top Faculty Paper for his article “Regulating Facial Recognition Technology & the First Amendment.” His article was co-authored with Dr. Amanda Reid. Ringel’s article is an extension of his master’s thesis work and examines the constitutional and practical difficulties in regulating facial recognition technology (FRT) at the state and local level. Ringel and Reid develop a regulatory hierarchy through a statutory analysis of each FRT-related proposed state law from the 2020 legislative session before examining how the First Amendment may limit certain types of FRT regulation.
Isabela Palmieri, a 2022 MA/JD graduate, was awarded Second Place, Top Faculty Paper for her article “Copyright & Shareability: A Contractual Solution to Embedding via Social Media.” Her article was co-authored with Dr. Amanda Reid. Palmieri’s article is an extension of her thesis work and it focuses on the tension between copyright law and an online content-sharing practice: embedding. Palmieri and Reid apply a multi-method approach to analyze the statutory interpretation of the 1976 Copyright Act and platforms’ Terms of Service and User Agreements. Ultimately, they crafted and propose model User Agreement terms that social media platforms can adopt to license embedding online and foster shareability.